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Book Three - Ambience In The Rock Era Introductory Essay Sixty eight entries divided into subsections headed Innovators, Psychedelia, Rock Evolves, The German Scene, Synthesizer Music, The Indie Wave and Individualists including Leo Fender, The Beatles, Bob Dylan, The Beach Boys, Jimi Hendrix, Ravi Shankar, The Velvet Underground, Nico, Simon & Garfunkel, The Rolling Stones, Van Morrison, David Bowie, The Byrds, Love, The Doors, Neil Young, Tim Buckley, The Grateful Dead, Quicksilver Messenger Service, Santana, Fairport Convention, John Martyn, Clannad, Pink Floyd, King Crimson, Yes, Led Zeppelin, Mike Oldfield, Can, Tangerine Dream, Kraftwerk, Jean-Michel Jarre, Vangelis, Cabaret Voltaire, New Order, Durutti Column, The Cocteau Twins, Sonic Youth, Spacemen 3, Spiritualized, Ennio Morricone, Todd Rundgren, John McLaughlin, Peter Gabriel, Laurie Anderson, David Sylvian, U2 and Enya. "It was around 1963 that Cale would forge one of the most important musical relationships in history, that with La Monte Young in The Theatre Of Eternal Music, better known as The Dream Syndicate. The basis of the group, which included Young, his wife Marian Zazeela, the violinist Tony Conrad and the percussionist Angus MacLise, was the extreme concentration on drones - the use of repetition and extension to achieve a trance-like Ambience. 'We achieved something that was culturally pivotal. We encouraged each other to pursue the experimental research into the structural fundamentals of music, both harmonically and intellectually. I wanted to make my mark with the electric viola [restrung with mandolin and guitar strings], so I filed the bridge down and played it with a bass bow. The Dream Syndicate ended up being two amplified voices, a violin and a viola. The strings were the predominant overwhelming force in the music. It still is a benchmark experiment in drones and tuning.' The importance of The Dream Syndicate to Cale was Young's military discipline, the coming together every day to practise and repeat music over and over until it was wholly absorbed and understood. This would formulate the early working routines of The Velvet Underground." |
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